CHAPTER I. ORIGIN AND RISE OF THE PAPACY

[1b] H. H. MILMAN, _History of Latin Christianity_.

2[c] LEOPOLD VON RANKE, _History of the Popes_.

3[d] VICTOR DURUY, _Histoire du Moyen Age_.

4[e] O. J. REICHEL, _The See of Rome in the Middle Ages_.

5[f] J. BASS MULLINGER, article on “Popedom,” in the _Encyclopædia Britannica_.

6[g] HENRY STEBBING, _History of the Christian Church_.

7[h] JOHN WM. DRAPER, _History of the Intellectual Development of Europe_.

8[i] GREGORY OF TOURS, _Annales Francorum_.

9[j] ANDREAS THIEL, _Epistolæ Romanorum Pontificorum_.

10[k] GREGORY THE GREAT, _Letters and Dialogues_.

11[l] EDWARD GIBBON, _Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire_.